考研英語單詞不盡其數(shù),且詞形和意義多變,想要每個詞義都背到,是不可能的。大家可以通過猜詞技巧和方法來攻克這一難題,那么,考研英語單詞應(yīng)該如何猜詞意?下面一起來看看。
1.利用詞根詞綴
常見的詞根詞綴是考生必須掌握的,這也是大綱明確要求的。舉個例子:geo-作為前綴,表示"地球",則有了:geography地理學(xué), 地理;geology地質(zhì)學(xué) 。所以如果所猜測的單詞是以該前綴開頭,則包含于地球相關(guān)的意思。over-前綴,表示"越過,超過",則有了:overcrowded過于擁擠的;overestimate估計過高;overactive過于活躍。由此推測,over-前綴應(yīng)有超過的意思。
2.利用正向關(guān)系或方向關(guān)系
如果上下文是正向關(guān)系,則能找到同義詞或同義解釋;如果上下文是反向關(guān)系,則能找到反義詞或反義解釋。總之,很多時候在上下文中都可以找出生詞的其他表達(dá)法,可能是近義詞、反義詞、一個解釋或一些暗示。
下面來看例子:
In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse……
The word “homogenizing” most probably means______.
[A] identifying [B] associating
[C] assimilating [D] monopolizing
該題中你能找到什么關(guān)系呢?根據(jù)In spite of“盡管”可以斷定句內(nèi)包含反向轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,所以homogenizing與前面的difference在上下文中構(gòu)成反義詞,而在四個選項(xiàng)中能與difference構(gòu)成反義詞的只有assimilating“同化”,所以C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
3.根據(jù)例證或舉例關(guān)系猜測詞義
區(qū)分論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)是考研英語大綱的明確要求,識別例證關(guān)系對于考生而言也相對比較容易,也是解決猜詞題的一種常用方法。下面來看例子:
Moreover, demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer phenomenon: More and more, Americans apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people, too. Some instances --
Regionally, the Rocky Mountain states reported the most rapid growth rate -- 37.1 percent since 1970 in a vast area with only 5 percent of the US population.
Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all: 63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively. Except for Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is composed of Western states with 7.5 million people -- about 9 per square mile.
The word “demographers” most probably means ________.
[A] people in favor of the trend of democracy
[B] advocates of migration between states
[C] scientists engaged in the study of population
[D] conservatives clinging to old patterns of life
根據(jù) Some instances標(biāo)志詞,很容易判定出上下文的例證關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文的解釋,上文demographers提到的兩個例證都涉及人口,因此demographers應(yīng)該是 "人口統(tǒng)計研究方面的人"。只有[C]選項(xiàng)"研究人口的科學(xué)家,也就是人口統(tǒng)計學(xué)家"是該詞的正確含義。當(dāng)然,考生也可利用識別詞根詞綴的方法來推測,demo=people, graph=write,-er指人,因而猜出該詞是指"記錄人口方面數(shù)據(jù)的人"。這就需要考生具備充分的詞根詞綴知識。
“詞本無意,意由境生”,如何利用單詞本身的結(jié)構(gòu)和上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系來猜測生詞含義,這是一門很重要的學(xué)問。它不僅可以幫助我們解決閱讀中的猜詞題,也可以幫助我們甄別出文中的許多詞匯障礙,所以2020考研學(xué)子要予以重視!
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